1987

•  National Organization for Women (NOW) – formulates comprehensive nondiscriminatory health insurance plan for NOW members, their spouses, partners and children. The design and structure of this Plan provides full range of confidential reproductive health procedures to all people regardless of age, sex, marital status, or sexual preference.
• Most large private health insurance plans provide confidential coverage for abortion and sterilization
• Care Choices, owned by Mercy Health Services, contrived a by pass mechanism to facilitate abortion, sterilization and contraceptive coverage for members of the UAW. Care Choice's sends their HMO premiums to a third party firm, "an arm length removed" from Care Choices. This firm forwards most of the premium dollars to Care Choices, but diverts a small amount to another health insurance company for abortion and other family planning services.

 1993

• The Allen Guttmacher Institute (AGI), formerly a Division of Planned Parenthood, teams up with the private and public sector and recommends NOW health insurance plan as model for the Clinton Administration's National Health Insurance, which would have effectively "federalized healthcare coverage.   The American public speak out against this plan.

 1996

• Having failed to federalize it in one step Clinton Administration develops incremental approach to National Health Insurance. In Issues in Brief, AGI recommends that "all managed care" systems cover the full range of reproductive health services for "all enrolled individuals of reproductive age..….  and for religious or personal reasons some plan providers may not provide or refer for all of these covered services" AGI insisted that all religious plans that objected to covering these services must have a bypass mechanism to help enrollees access these covered services.  AGI went on to state that "key to this recommendation is the establishment of appropriate procedures for plan enrollees to demonstrate enrollment WITHOUT HAVING TO INVOLVE A PARENT OR SPOUSE".
• Also in Issues In Brief, AGI recommends the establishment of nationwide subsidized family planning clinics with confidential reproductive procedures at any age.